Refactor Render Graph: unified resources, benchmarking

Major overhaul of Render Graph system:
- Replaced texture handles with generic Identifier<T> for unified, type-safe resource management (textures, buffers, etc.)
- Refactored resource registry and pooling for performance and extensibility
- Added AccessFlags and TextureAccess for precise resource usage tracking
- Split passes into Raster and Compute types; introduced builder interfaces for safer pass construction
- Modernized pass setup API (SetColorAttachment, UseTexture, etc.)
- Updated command buffer and context structs to use new resource system
- Refactored barrier and aliasing logic for improved correctness
- Integrated BenchmarkDotNet for performance/memory benchmarking
- Improved blackboard type safety and removed obsolete code/extensions
- Added BenchmarkDotNet NuGet package

These changes make the Render Graph more extensible, efficient, and ready for future resource types and advanced features.

Ghost.RenderGraph.Concept/Benchmark/RenderGraphBenchmark.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+using BenchmarkDotNet.Attributes;
+using Ghost.Core;
+
+namespace Ghost.RenderGraph.Concept.Benchmark;
+
+[MemoryDiagnoser]
+public class RenderGraphBenchmark
+{
+    private RenderGraph _renderGraph = null!;
+
+    [GlobalSetup]
+    public void Setup()
+    {
+        _renderGraph = new RenderGraph();
+    }
+
+    [Benchmark]
+    public void Execute()
+    {
+        ExecuteGraph(_renderGraph);
+    }
+
+    public static void ExecuteGraph(RenderGraph renderGraph)
+    {
+        renderGraph.Reset(); // new RenderGraph()
+
+        // Import external resources
+        var backbuffer = renderGraph.ImportTexture(
+            new TextureDescriptor(1920, 1080, TextureFormat.RGBA8, "Backbuffer"));
+
+        // ===== GBuffer Pass =====
+        GBufferData gbufferData;
+        using (var builder = renderGraph.AddRasterRenderPass<GBufferData>("GBuffer Pass", out gbufferData))
+        {
+            // Create GBuffer textures
+            gbufferData.Albedo = builder.CreateTexture(new TextureDescriptor(1920, 1080, TextureFormat.RGBA8, "GBuffer.Albedo"));
+            gbufferData.Normal = builder.CreateTexture(new TextureDescriptor(1920, 1080, TextureFormat.RGBA16F, "GBuffer.Normal"));
+            gbufferData.Depth = builder.CreateTexture(new TextureDescriptor(1920, 1080, TextureFormat.Depth32F, "GBuffer.Depth"));
+
+            // Store in pass data and mark as written
+            builder.SetColorAttachment(gbufferData.Albedo, 0);
+            builder.SetColorAttachment(gbufferData.Normal, 1);
+            builder.SetDepthAttachment(gbufferData.Depth);
+
+            builder.SetRenderFunc<GBufferData>(static (data, cmd) =>
+            {
+                // New api will handle render target setup and clearing automatically
+
+                //cmd.SetRenderTarget(data.Albedo.Name);
+                //cmd.SetRenderTarget(data.Normal.Name);
+                //cmd.SetDepthStencil(data.Depth.Name);
+                //cmd.ClearRenderTarget(data.Albedo.Name, 0, 0, 0, 1);
+                //cmd.ClearRenderTarget(data.Normal.Name, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1);
+                //cmd.ClearDepth(data.Depth.Name, 1.0f);
+                cmd.Draw(36000);
+            });
+        }
+
+        // Store GBuffer data in blackboard for other passes
+        renderGraph.Blackboard.Add(gbufferData);
+
+        // ===== Lighting Pass =====
+        Identifier<RGTexture> lightingOutput;
+        using (var builder = renderGraph.AddRasterRenderPass<LightingPassData>("Lighting Pass", out var lightingData))
+        {
+            // Read GBuffer from blackboard
+            var gbuffer = renderGraph.Blackboard.Get<GBufferData>();
+
+            lightingData.GBufferAlbedo = builder.UseTexture(gbuffer.Albedo, AccessFlags.Read);
+            lightingData.GBufferNormal = builder.UseTexture(gbuffer.Normal, AccessFlags.Read);
+            lightingData.GBufferDepth = builder.UseTexture(gbuffer.Depth, AccessFlags.Read);
+
+            // Create output texture
+            lightingOutput = builder.CreateTexture(
+                new TextureDescriptor(1920, 1080, TextureFormat.RGBA16F, "LightingResult"));
+            builder.SetColorAttachment(lightingOutput, 1);
+
+            lightingData.OutputLighting = lightingOutput;
+
+            builder.SetRenderFunc<LightingPassData>(static (data, cmd) =>
+            {
+                cmd.BindShaderResource(data.GBufferAlbedo.AsResource(), 0);
+                cmd.BindShaderResource(data.GBufferNormal.AsResource(), 1);
+                cmd.BindShaderResource(data.GBufferDepth.AsResource(), 2);
+                cmd.Draw(3);
+            });
+        }
+
+        // ===== SSAO Pass (Async Compute) =====
+        Identifier<RGTexture> ssaoOutput;
+        using (var builder = renderGraph.AddComputeRenderPass<SSAOPassData>("SSAO Pass (Async)", out var ssaoData))
+        {
+            var gbuffer = renderGraph.Blackboard.Get<GBufferData>();
+
+            ssaoData.GBufferDepth = builder.UseTexture(gbuffer.Depth, AccessFlags.Read);
+            ssaoData.GBufferNormal = builder.UseTexture(gbuffer.Normal, AccessFlags.Read);
+
+            // SSAO Output
+            ssaoOutput = builder.CreateTexture(
+                new TextureDescriptor(1920, 1080, TextureFormat.RGBA8, "SSAO"));
+            ssaoData.OutputSSAO = builder.UseTexture(ssaoOutput, AccessFlags.Write);
+
+            builder.EnableAsyncCompute(true);
+
+            // Use SetComputeFunc with asyncCompute: true
+            builder.SetRenderFunc<SSAOPassData>(static (data, cmd) =>
+            {
+                cmd.BindShaderResource(data.GBufferDepth.AsResource(), 0);
+                cmd.BindShaderResource(data.GBufferNormal.AsResource(), 1);
+                cmd.BindUnorderedAccess(data.OutputSSAO.AsResource(), 0);
+                cmd.Dispatch(1920 / 8, 1080 / 8, 1);
+            });
+        }
+
+        // ===== Bloom Downsample Pass (will alias with albedo) =====
+        Identifier<RGTexture> bloomOutput;
+        using (var builder = renderGraph.AddRasterRenderPass<BloomDownsampleData>("Bloom Downsample", out var bloomData))
+        {
+            bloomData.Input = builder.UseTexture(lightingOutput, AccessFlags.Read);
+
+            // Create a texture that will alias with SSAO (same size, same format)
+            bloomOutput = builder.CreateTexture(
+                new TextureDescriptor(1920, 1080, TextureFormat.RGBA8, "BloomDownsample"));
+            builder.SetColorAttachment(bloomOutput, 0);
+
+            bloomData.Output = bloomOutput;
+
+            builder.SetRenderFunc<BloomDownsampleData>(static (data, cmd) =>
+            {
+                cmd.BindShaderResource(data.Input.AsResource(), 0);
+                cmd.Draw(3);
+            });
+        }
+
+        // ===== Temporal AA Pass =====
+        Identifier<RGTexture> taaOutput;
+        using (var builder = renderGraph.AddRasterRenderPass<TAAPassData>("Temporal AA", out var taaData))
+        {
+            taaData.InputLighting = builder.UseTexture(lightingOutput, AccessFlags.Read);
+
+            taaOutput = builder.CreateTexture(
+                new TextureDescriptor(1920, 1080, TextureFormat.RGBA16F, "TAA.Result"));
+            builder.SetColorAttachment(taaOutput, 0);
+
+            taaData.OutputTAA = taaOutput;
+
+            builder.SetRenderFunc<TAAPassData>(static (data, cmd) =>
+            {
+                cmd.BindShaderResource(data.InputLighting.AsResource(), 0);
+                cmd.Draw(3);
+            });
+        }
+
+        // ===== Post Processing Pass =====
+        using (var builder = renderGraph.AddRasterRenderPass<PostProcessingPassDataV2>("Post Processing", out var postData))
+        {
+            postData.InputTAA = builder.UseTexture(taaOutput, AccessFlags.Read);
+            postData.InputSSAO = builder.UseTexture(ssaoOutput, AccessFlags.Read);
+            postData.InputBloom = builder.UseTexture(bloomOutput, AccessFlags.Read);
+
+            builder.SetColorAttachment(backbuffer, 0);
+
+            builder.SetRenderFunc<PostProcessingPassDataV2>(static (data, cmd) =>
+            {
+                cmd.BindShaderResource(data.InputTAA.AsResource(), 0);
+                cmd.BindShaderResource(data.InputSSAO.AsResource(), 1);
+                cmd.BindShaderResource(data.InputBloom.AsResource(), 2);
+                cmd.Draw(3);
+            });
+        }
+
+        // ===== GPU Profiler Marker Pass (non-cullable, textureless) =====
+        using (var builder = renderGraph.AddRasterRenderPass<ProfilerMarkerData>("GPU Profiler Begin Frame", out var profilerData))
+        {
+            builder.AllowPassCulling(false); // Never cull this - it's for debugging/profiling
+            builder.SetRenderFunc<ProfilerMarkerData>(static (data, cmd) =>
+            {
+                // Note: In a real implementation we would have specific profiler commands
+                // For now, since RasterRenderContext doesn't expose generic console write, we skip the print
+                // or we would add a specific Profiler method to the context
+            });
+        }
+
+        // ===== Unused Debug Pass (will be culled) =====
+        using (var builder = renderGraph.AddRasterRenderPass<DebugPassData>("Unused Debug Pass", out var debugData))
+        {
+            builder.SetColorAttachment(
+                builder.CreateTexture(new TextureDescriptor(512, 512, TextureFormat.RGBA8, "DebugTexture")), 0);
+
+            builder.SetRenderFunc<DebugPassData>(static (data, cmd) =>
+            {
+                cmd.Draw(100);
+            });
+        }
+
+        // Compile and execute the render graph
+        renderGraph.Compile();
+        renderGraph.Execute();
+    }
+}

Ghost.RenderGraph.Concept/Ghost.RenderGraph.Concept.csproj

@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@
     <DefineConstants>$(DefineConstants);PROFILING</DefineConstants>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="BenchmarkDotNet" Version="0.15.8" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
   <ItemGroup>
     <ProjectReference Include="..\Ghost.Core\Ghost.Core.csproj" />
   </ItemGroup>

Ghost.RenderGraph.Concept/PassData.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+using Ghost.Core;
+
 namespace Ghost.RenderGraph.Concept;
 
 // ===== Pass Data Structures =====
@@ -5,44 +7,44 @@ namespace Ghost.RenderGraph.Concept;
 
 public sealed class GBufferData : IPassData
 {
-    public RenderGraphTextureHandle Albedo;
+    public Identifier<RGTexture> Albedo;
-    public RenderGraphTextureHandle Normal;
+    public Identifier<RGTexture> Normal;
-    public RenderGraphTextureHandle Depth;
+    public Identifier<RGTexture> Depth;
 }
 
 public sealed class LightingPassData : IPassData
 {
-    public RenderGraphTextureHandle GBufferAlbedo;
+    public Identifier<RGTexture> GBufferAlbedo;
-    public RenderGraphTextureHandle GBufferNormal;
+    public Identifier<RGTexture> GBufferNormal;
-    public RenderGraphTextureHandle GBufferDepth;
+    public Identifier<RGTexture> GBufferDepth;
-    public RenderGraphTextureHandle OutputLighting;
+    public Identifier<RGTexture> OutputLighting;
 }
 
 public sealed class SSAOPassData : IPassData
 {
-    public RenderGraphTextureHandle GBufferDepth;
+    public Identifier<RGTexture> GBufferDepth;
-    public RenderGraphTextureHandle GBufferNormal;
+    public Identifier<RGTexture> GBufferNormal;
-    public RenderGraphTextureHandle OutputSSAO;
+    public Identifier<RGTexture> OutputSSAO;
 }
 
 public sealed class BloomDownsampleData : IPassData
 {
-    public RenderGraphTextureHandle Input;
+    public Identifier<RGTexture> Input;
-    public RenderGraphTextureHandle Output;
+    public Identifier<RGTexture> Output;
 }
 
 public sealed class TAAPassData : IPassData
 {
-    public RenderGraphTextureHandle InputLighting;
+    public Identifier<RGTexture> InputLighting;
-    public RenderGraphTextureHandle OutputTAA;
+    public Identifier<RGTexture> OutputTAA;
 }
 
 public sealed class PostProcessingPassDataV2 : IPassData
 {
-    public RenderGraphTextureHandle InputTAA;
+    public Identifier<RGTexture> InputTAA;
-    public RenderGraphTextureHandle InputSSAO;
+    public Identifier<RGTexture> InputSSAO;
-    public RenderGraphTextureHandle InputBloom;
+    public Identifier<RGTexture> InputBloom;
-    public RenderGraphTextureHandle OutputBackbuffer;
+    public Identifier<RGTexture> OutputBackbuffer;
 }
 
 public sealed class ProfilerMarkerData : IPassData
@@ -51,5 +53,5 @@ public sealed class ProfilerMarkerData : IPassData
 
 public sealed class DebugPassData : IPassData
 {
-    public RenderGraphTextureHandle DebugTexture;
+    public Identifier<RGTexture> DebugTexture;
 }

Ghost.RenderGraph.Concept/Program.cs

@@ -1,210 +1,42 @@
+using Ghost.Core;
 using Ghost.RenderGraph.Concept;
+using Ghost.RenderGraph.Concept.Benchmark;
 
 var renderGraph = new RenderGraph();
 
 #if !DEBUG
-const int _ITERATION = 500;
-for (var i = 0; i < _ITERATION; i++)
-{
-    ExecuteGraph(renderGraph);
-}
 
-GC.Collect();
+BenchmarkDotNet.Running.BenchmarkRunner.Run<RenderGraphBenchmark>();
-GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();
+return;
-// Thread.Sleep(1000); // Leave a gap in visual studio allocations timeline
-var sw = new System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch();
-var gcBefore = GC.GetAllocatedBytesForCurrentThread();
-sw.Start();
 
-for (var i = 0; i < _ITERATION; i++)
+//const int _ITERATION = 500000;
-{
+//for (var i = 0; i < _ITERATION; i++)
-    ExecuteGraph(renderGraph);
+//{
-}
+//    RenderGraphBenchmark.ExecuteGraph(renderGraph);
+//}
 
-sw.Stop();
+//GC.Collect();
-var gcAfter = GC.GetAllocatedBytesForCurrentThread();
+//GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();
+////Thread.Sleep(1000); // Leave a gap in visual studio allocations timeline
+//var sw = new System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch();
+//var gcBefore = GC.GetAllocatedBytesForCurrentThread();
+//sw.Start();
 
-Console.WriteLine($"{sw.Elapsed.TotalNanoseconds / _ITERATION} ns (per iteration)");
+//for (var i = 0; i < _ITERATION; i++)
-Console.WriteLine($"GC Allocated Bytes: {(gcAfter - gcBefore) / _ITERATION} bytes (per iteration)");
+//{
+//    RenderGraphBenchmark.ExecuteGraph(renderGraph);
+//}
+
+//sw.Stop();
+//var gcAfter = GC.GetAllocatedBytesForCurrentThread();
+
+//Console.WriteLine($"{sw.Elapsed.TotalNanoseconds / _ITERATION} ns (per iteration)");
+//Console.WriteLine($"GC Allocated Bytes: {(gcAfter - gcBefore) / _ITERATION} bytes (per iteration)");
 #else
 // Run twice to demonstrate cache hit
 Console.WriteLine("=== FRAME 1 (Cache Miss Expected) ===");
-ExecuteGraph(renderGraph);
+RenderGraphBenchmark.ExecuteGraph(renderGraph);
 
 Console.WriteLine("\n\n=== FRAME 2 (Cache Hit Expected) ===");
-ExecuteGraph(renderGraph);
+RenderGraphBenchmark.ExecuteGraph(renderGraph);
 #endif
-
-static void ExecuteGraph(RenderGraph renderGraph)
-{
-    renderGraph.Reset(); // new RenderGraph()
-
-    // Import external resources
-    var backbuffer = renderGraph.ImportTexture(
-        "Backbuffer",
-        new TextureDescriptor(1920, 1080, TextureFormat.RGBA8, "Backbuffer"));
-
-    // ===== GBuffer Pass =====
-    GBufferData gbufferData;
-    using (var builder = renderGraph.AddRenderPass<GBufferData>("GBuffer Pass", out gbufferData))
-    {
-        // Create GBuffer textures
-        var albedo = builder.CreateTexture(new TextureDescriptor(1920, 1080, TextureFormat.RGBA8, "GBuffer.Albedo"));
-        var normal = builder.CreateTexture(new TextureDescriptor(1920, 1080, TextureFormat.RGBA16F, "GBuffer.Normal"));
-        var depth = builder.CreateTexture(new TextureDescriptor(1920, 1080, TextureFormat.Depth32F, "GBuffer.Depth"));
-
-        // Store in pass data and mark as written
-        gbufferData.Albedo = builder.WriteTexture(albedo);
-        gbufferData.Normal = builder.WriteTexture(normal);
-        gbufferData.Depth = builder.UseDepthBuffer(depth, writeAccess: true);
-
-        builder.SetRenderFunc<GBufferData>((data, cmd) =>
-        {
-            cmd.SetRenderTarget(data.Albedo.Name);
-            cmd.SetRenderTarget(data.Normal.Name);
-            cmd.SetDepthStencil(data.Depth.Name);
-            cmd.ClearRenderTarget(data.Albedo.Name, 0, 0, 0, 1);
-            cmd.ClearRenderTarget(data.Normal.Name, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1);
-            cmd.ClearDepth(data.Depth.Name, 1.0f);
-            cmd.Draw(36000);
-        });
-    }
-
-    // Store GBuffer data in blackboard for other passes
-    renderGraph.Blackboard.Add(gbufferData);
-
-    // ===== Lighting Pass =====
-    RenderGraphTextureHandle lightingOutput;
-    using (var builder = renderGraph.AddRenderPass<LightingPassData>("Lighting Pass", out var lightingData))
-    {
-        // Read GBuffer from blackboard
-        var gbuffer = renderGraph.Blackboard.Get<GBufferData>();
-
-        lightingData.GBufferAlbedo = builder.ReadTexture(gbuffer.Albedo);
-        lightingData.GBufferNormal = builder.ReadTexture(gbuffer.Normal);
-        lightingData.GBufferDepth = builder.ReadTexture(gbuffer.Depth);
-
-        // Create output texture
-        lightingOutput = builder.CreateTexture(
-            new TextureDescriptor(1920, 1080, TextureFormat.RGBA16F, "LightingResult"));
-        lightingData.OutputLighting = builder.WriteTexture(lightingOutput);
-
-        builder.SetRenderFunc<LightingPassData>((data, cmd) =>
-        {
-            cmd.BindShaderResource(data.GBufferAlbedo.Name, 0);
-            cmd.BindShaderResource(data.GBufferNormal.Name, 1);
-            cmd.BindShaderResource(data.GBufferDepth.Name, 2);
-            cmd.SetRenderTarget(data.OutputLighting.Name);
-            cmd.Draw(3);
-        });
-    }
-
-    // ===== SSAO Pass (Async Compute) =====
-    RenderGraphTextureHandle ssaoOutput;
-    using (var builder = renderGraph.AddRenderPass<SSAOPassData>("SSAO Pass (Async)", out var ssaoData))
-    {
-        var gbuffer = renderGraph.Blackboard.Get<GBufferData>();
-
-        ssaoData.GBufferDepth = builder.ReadTexture(gbuffer.Depth);
-        ssaoData.GBufferNormal = builder.ReadTexture(gbuffer.Normal);
-
-        // SSAO Output
-        ssaoOutput = builder.CreateTexture(
-            new TextureDescriptor(1920, 1080, TextureFormat.RGBA8, "SSAO"));
-        ssaoData.OutputSSAO = builder.WriteTexture(ssaoOutput);
-
-        // Use SetComputeFunc with asyncCompute: true
-        builder.SetComputeFunc<SSAOPassData>((data, cmd) =>
-        {
-            cmd.BindShaderResource(data.GBufferDepth.Name, 0);
-            cmd.BindShaderResource(data.GBufferNormal.Name, 1);
-            cmd.BindUnorderedAccess(data.OutputSSAO.Name, 0);
-            cmd.Dispatch(1920 / 8, 1080 / 8, 1);
-        }, asyncCompute: true);
-    }
-
-    // ===== Bloom Downsample Pass (will alias with albedo) =====
-    RenderGraphTextureHandle bloomOutput;
-    using (var builder = renderGraph.AddRenderPass<BloomDownsampleData>("Bloom Downsample", out var bloomData))
-    {
-        bloomData.Input = builder.ReadTexture(lightingOutput);
-
-        // Create a texture that will alias with SSAO (same size, same format)
-        bloomOutput = builder.CreateTexture(
-            new TextureDescriptor(1920, 1080, TextureFormat.RGBA8, "BloomDownsample"));
-        bloomData.Output = builder.WriteTexture(bloomOutput);
-
-        builder.SetRenderFunc<BloomDownsampleData>((data, cmd) =>
-        {
-            cmd.BindShaderResource(data.Input.Name, 0);
-            cmd.SetRenderTarget(data.Output.Name);
-            cmd.Draw(3);
-        });
-    }
-
-    // ===== Temporal AA Pass =====
-    RenderGraphTextureHandle taaOutput;
-    using (var builder = renderGraph.AddRenderPass<TAAPassData>("Temporal AA", out var taaData))
-    {
-        taaData.InputLighting = builder.ReadTexture(lightingOutput);
-
-        taaOutput = builder.CreateTexture(
-            new TextureDescriptor(1920, 1080, TextureFormat.RGBA16F, "TAA.Result"));
-        taaData.OutputTAA = builder.WriteTexture(taaOutput);
-
-        builder.SetRenderFunc<TAAPassData>((data, cmd) =>
-        {
-            cmd.BindShaderResource(data.InputLighting.Name, 0);
-            cmd.SetRenderTarget(data.OutputTAA.Name);
-            cmd.Draw(3);
-        });
-    }
-
-    // ===== Post Processing Pass =====
-    using (var builder = renderGraph.AddRenderPass<PostProcessingPassDataV2>("Post Processing", out var postData))
-    {
-        postData.InputTAA = builder.ReadTexture(taaOutput);
-        postData.InputSSAO = builder.ReadTexture(ssaoOutput);
-        postData.InputBloom = builder.ReadTexture(bloomOutput);
-        postData.OutputBackbuffer = builder.WriteTexture(backbuffer);
-
-        builder.SetRenderFunc<PostProcessingPassDataV2>((data, cmd) =>
-        {
-            cmd.BindShaderResource(data.InputTAA.Name, 0);
-            cmd.BindShaderResource(data.InputSSAO.Name, 1);
-            cmd.BindShaderResource(data.InputBloom.Name, 2);
-            cmd.SetRenderTarget(data.OutputBackbuffer.Name);
-            cmd.Draw(3);
-        });
-    }
-
-    // ===== GPU Profiler Marker Pass (non-cullable, textureless) =====
-    using (var builder = renderGraph.AddRenderPass<ProfilerMarkerData>("GPU Profiler Begin Frame", out var profilerData))
-    {
-        builder.SetAllowCulling(false); // Never cull this - it's for debugging/profiling
-        builder.SetRenderFunc<ProfilerMarkerData>((data, cmd) =>
-        {
-            // Note: In a real implementation we would have specific profiler commands
-            // For now, since RasterRenderContext doesn't expose generic console write, we skip the print
-            // or we would add a specific Profiler method to the context
-        });
-    }
-
-    // ===== Unused Debug Pass (will be culled) =====
-    using (var builder = renderGraph.AddRenderPass<DebugPassData>("Unused Debug Pass", out var debugData))
-    {
-        debugData.DebugTexture = builder.WriteTexture(
-            builder.CreateTexture(new TextureDescriptor(512, 512, TextureFormat.RGBA8, "DebugTexture")));
-
-        builder.SetRenderFunc<DebugPassData>((data, cmd) =>
-        {
-            cmd.SetRenderTarget(data.DebugTexture.Name);
-            cmd.ClearRenderTarget(data.DebugTexture.Name, 1, 0, 1, 1);
-            cmd.Draw(100);
-        });
-    }
-
-    // Compile and execute the render graph
-    renderGraph.Compile();
-    renderGraph.Execute();
-}

Ghost.RenderGraph.Concept/RenderGraph.cs

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
+using Ghost.Core;
 using Misaki.HighPerformance.LowLevel.Buffer;
 using Misaki.HighPerformance.LowLevel.Collections;
 using System.IO.Hashing;
-using System.Threading;
+using TerraFX.Interop.Windows;
 
 namespace Ghost.RenderGraph.Concept;
 
@@ -28,9 +29,6 @@ public sealed class RenderGraph
     private readonly List<ResourceBarrier> _barriers = new(128);
     private readonly RenderGraphCompilationCache _compilationCache = new();
 
-    private readonly XxHash64 _hasher = new();
-
-    private int _passCount;
     private bool _compiled;
 
     public RenderGraphBlackboard Blackboard { get; } = new();
@@ -60,13 +58,13 @@ public sealed class RenderGraph
         _barriers.Clear();
 
         // Return passes to the pool and reset count
-        for (var i = 0; i < _passCount; i++)
+        for (var i = 0; i < _passes.Count; i++)
         {
             var pass = _passes[i];
-            pass.Clear();
+            pass.Reset(_objectPool);
-            _objectPool.Release(pass);
         }
-        _passCount = 0;
+
+        _passes.Clear();
 
         // Clear compiled passes list
         _compiledPasses.Clear();
@@ -76,57 +74,34 @@ public sealed class RenderGraph
     /// <summary>
     /// Imports an external texture into the render graph.
     /// </summary>
-    public RenderGraphTextureHandle ImportTexture(string name, TextureDescriptor descriptor)
+    public Identifier<RGTexture> ImportTexture(TextureDescriptor descriptor)
     {
         return _resources.ImportTexture(descriptor);
     }
 
-    /// <summary>
+    public IRasterRenderGraphBuilder AddRasterRenderPass<TPassData>(string name, out TPassData passData)
-    /// Adds a new render pass to the graph.
-    /// </summary>
-    public RenderGraphBuilder AddRenderPass<TPassData>(string name, out TPassData passData)
         where TPassData : class, new()
     {
-        // Get or create pass from pool
+        var renderPass = _objectPool.Rent<RasterRenderGraphPass<TPassData>>();
-        RenderGraphPass<TPassData> pass;
+        renderPass.Init(_passes.Count, _objectPool.Rent<TPassData>(), name, RenderPassType.Raster);
-        if (_passCount < _passes.Count)
+        passData = renderPass.passData;
-        {
-            // Reuse existing slot
-            var existingPass = _passes[_passCount];
-            if (existingPass is RenderGraphPass<TPassData> typedPass)
-            {
-                pass = typedPass;
-                pass.Reset();
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                // Type mismatch, need to replace
-                _objectPool.Release(existingPass);
-                pass = _objectPool.Get<RenderGraphPass<TPassData>>();
-                pass.Reset();
-                _passes[_passCount] = pass;
-            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            // Need to grow the list
-            pass = _objectPool.Get<RenderGraphPass<TPassData>>();
-            pass.Reset();
-            _passes.Add(pass);
-        }
 
-        // Initialize pass
+        _passes.Add(renderPass);
-        pass.Name = name;
-        pass.Index = _passCount;
 
-        // Get or create pass data from pool
+        _builder.Init(this, renderPass, _resources);
-        passData = _objectPool.Get<TPassData>();
+        return _builder;
-        pass.PassData = passData;
+    }
 
-        _passCount++;
+    public IComputeRenderGraphBuilder AddComputeRenderPass<TPassData>(string name, out TPassData passData)
+        where TPassData : class, new()
+    {
+        var renderPass = _objectPool.Rent<ComputeRenderGraphPass<TPassData>>();
+        renderPass.Init(_passes.Count, _objectPool.Rent<TPassData>(), name, RenderPassType.Compute);
+        passData = renderPass.passData;
 
-        // Initialize builder
+        _passes.Add(renderPass);
-        _builder.Initialize(pass, _resources);
+
+        _builder.Init(this, renderPass, _resources);
         return _builder;
     }
 
@@ -138,82 +113,84 @@ public sealed class RenderGraph
     private unsafe ulong ComputeGraphHash()
     {
         using var scope = AllocationManager.CreateStackScope();
-        var bufferPool = new UnsafeList<byte>(4096, scope.AllocationHandle);
+        var bufferPool = new UnsafeList<byte>(2048, scope.AllocationHandle);
-        int offset = 0;
         var pData = (byte*)bufferPool.GetUnsafePtr();
-
+        var offset = 0;
-        _hasher.Reset();
 
         // Hash pass count
-        _hasher.AppendInt(_passCount);
+        *(int*)(pData + offset) = _passes.Count;
+        offset += sizeof(int);
 
         // Hash each pass structure (excluding names)
-        for (int i = 0; i < _passCount; i++)
+        for (var i = 0; i < _passes.Count; i++)
         {
             var pass = _passes[i];
-            // Save 0.004ms.
 
-            //// Hash pass properties that affect compilation
+            *(RenderPassType*)(pData + offset) = pass.type;
-            //_hasher.AppendEnum(pass.Type);
-            //_hasher.AppendBool(pass.AllowCulling);
-            //_hasher.AppendBool(pass.AsyncCompute);
-            
-            //// Hash texture dependencies (only indices, not versions or names)
-            //_hasher.AppendHandleList(pass.TextureReads);
-            //_hasher.AppendHandleList(pass.TextureWrites);
-            //_hasher.AppendHandleList(pass.TextureCreates);
-            *(RenderPassType*)(pData + offset) = pass.Type;
             offset += sizeof(RenderPassType);
 
-            *(bool*)(pData + offset) = pass.AllowCulling;
+            *(bool*)(pData + offset) = pass.allowCulling;
             offset += sizeof(bool);
 
-            *(bool*)(pData + offset) = pass.AsyncCompute;
+            *(bool*)(pData + offset) = pass.asyncCompute;
             offset += sizeof(bool);
 
-            *(int*)(pData + offset) = pass.TextureReads.Count;
+            *(TextureAccess*)(pData + offset) = pass.depthAccess;
+            offset += sizeof(TextureAccess);
+
+            *(int*)(pData + offset) = pass.maxColorIndex;
             offset += sizeof(int);
-            for (int j = 0; j < pass.TextureReads.Count; j++)
+            for (var j = 0; j <= pass.maxColorIndex; j++)
             {
-                *(int*)(pData + offset) = pass.TextureReads[j].Index;
+                *(TextureAccess*)(pData + offset) = pass.colorAccess[j];
+                offset += sizeof(TextureAccess);
+            }
+
+            *(int*)(pData + offset) = pass.resourceReads.Count;
+            offset += sizeof(int);
+            for (var j = 0; j < pass.resourceReads.Count; j++)
+            {
+                *(int*)(pData + offset) = pass.resourceReads[j].Value;
                 offset += sizeof(int);
             }
 
-            *(int*)(pData + offset) = pass.TextureWrites.Count;
+            *(int*)(pData + offset) = pass.resourceWrites.Count;
             offset += sizeof(int);
-            for (int j = 0; j < pass.TextureWrites.Count; j++)
+            for (var j = 0; j < pass.resourceWrites.Count; j++)
             {
-                *(int*)(pData + offset) = pass.TextureWrites[j].Index;
+                *(int*)(pData + offset) = pass.resourceWrites[j].Value;
                 offset += sizeof(int);
             }
 
-            *(int*)(pData + offset) = pass.TextureCreates.Count;
+            *(int*)(pData + offset) = pass.resourceCreates.Count;
             offset += sizeof(int);
-            for (int j = 0; j < pass.TextureCreates.Count; j++)
+            for (var j = 0; j < pass.resourceCreates.Count; j++)
             {
-                *(int*)(pData + offset) = pass.TextureCreates[j].Index;
+                *(int*)(pData + offset) = pass.resourceCreates[j].Value;
                 offset += sizeof(int);
             }
         }
 
         // Hash resource descriptors
-        for (int i = 0; i < _resources.TextureResourceCount; i++)
+        for (var i = 0; i < _resources.TextureResourceCount; i++)
         {
             var resource = _resources.GetTextureResourceByIndex(i);
 
             *(int*)(pData + offset) = resource.Descriptor.Width;
             offset += sizeof(int);
+
             *(int*)(pData + offset) = resource.Descriptor.Height;
             offset += sizeof(int);
+
             *(TextureFormat*)(pData + offset) = resource.Descriptor.Format;
             offset += sizeof(TextureFormat);
+
             *(bool*)(pData + offset) = resource.IsImported;
             offset += sizeof(bool);
         }
 
         var span = new Span<byte>(pData, offset);
-        _hasher.Append(span);
+        return XxHash64.HashToUInt64(span);
-        return _hasher.GetCurrentHashAsUInt64();
     }
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -222,14 +199,16 @@ public sealed class RenderGraph
     public void Compile()
     {
         if (_compiled)
+        {
             return;
+        }
 
 #if DEBUG
         var sw = System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch.StartNew();
 #endif
 
         // Step 0: Check cache
-        ulong graphHash = ComputeGraphHash();
+        var graphHash = ComputeGraphHash(); // 1321433047288519964
 
 #if DEBUG
         var hashTime = sw.Elapsed.TotalMicroseconds;
@@ -257,18 +236,18 @@ public sealed class RenderGraph
         _compiledPasses.Clear();
 
         // Step 1: Mark passes with side effects (writes to imported resources)
-        for (var i = 0; i < _passCount; i++)
+        for (var i = 0; i < _passes.Count; i++)
         {
             var pass = _passes[i];
 
             // Check if this pass writes to any imported textures
-            for (var j = 0; j < pass.TextureWrites.Count; j++)
+            for (var j = 0; j < pass.resourceWrites.Count; j++)
             {
-                var writeHandle = pass.TextureWrites[j];
+                var writeHandle = pass.resourceWrites[j];
-                var resource = _resources.GetTextureResource(writeHandle);
+                var resource = _resources.GetResource(writeHandle);
                 if (resource.IsImported)
                 {
-                    pass.HasSideEffects = true;
+                    pass.hasSideEffects = true;
                     break;
                 }
             }
@@ -276,33 +255,33 @@ public sealed class RenderGraph
 
         // Step 2: Cull passes based on dependency analysis
         // Mark all passes as culled initially
-        for (var i = 0; i < _passCount; i++)
+        for (var i = 0; i < _passes.Count; i++)
         {
-            _passes[i].Culled = _passes[i].AllowCulling && !_passes[i].HasSideEffects;
+            _passes[i].culled = _passes[i].allowCulling && !_passes[i].hasSideEffects;
         }
 
         // Step 3: Traverse backwards from passes with side effects
-        for (var i = _passCount - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+        for (var i = _passes.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
         {
             var pass = _passes[i];
-            if (!pass.Culled)
+            if (!pass.culled)
             {
                 UnculDependencies(pass);
             }
         }
 
         // Step 4: Build final pass list (only non-culled passes)
-        for (var i = 0; i < _passCount; i++)
+        for (var i = 0; i < _passes.Count; i++)
         {
             var pass = _passes[i];
-            if (!pass.Culled)
+            if (!pass.culled)
             {
                 _compiledPasses.Add(pass);
             }
         }
 
         // Step 5: Perform resource aliasing to minimize memory usage
-        _aliasingManager.AssignPhysicalResources(_resources, _passCount);
+        _aliasingManager.AssignPhysicalResources(_resources, _passes.Count);
 
         // Step 6: Generate barriers for state transitions and aliasing
         GenerateBarriers();
@@ -320,16 +299,16 @@ public sealed class RenderGraph
     {
         // Restore compiled pass list
         _compiledPasses.Clear();
-        for (int i = 0; i < cached.CompiledPassIndices.Count; i++)
+        for (var i = 0; i < cached.CompiledPassIndices.Count; i++)
         {
-            int passIndex = cached.CompiledPassIndices[i];
+            var passIndex = cached.CompiledPassIndices[i];
             _compiledPasses.Add(_passes[passIndex]);
         }
 
         // Restore culling flags
-        for (int i = 0; i < _passCount && i < cached.PassCulledFlags.Count; i++)
+        for (var i = 0; i < _passes.Count && i < cached.PassCulledFlags.Count; i++)
         {
-            _passes[i].Culled = cached.PassCulledFlags[i];
+            _passes[i].culled = cached.PassCulledFlags[i];
         }
 
         // Restore aliasing mappings (need to update ResourceAliasingManager)
@@ -337,7 +316,7 @@ public sealed class RenderGraph
 
         // Restore barriers (deep copy to avoid shared references)
         _barriers.Clear();
-        for (int i = 0; i < cached.Barriers.Count; i++)
+        for (var i = 0; i < cached.Barriers.Count; i++)
         {
             _barriers.Add(cached.Barriers[i]);
         }
@@ -358,22 +337,22 @@ public sealed class RenderGraph
         var cacheData = new CachedCompilation();
 
         // Store compiled pass indices
-        for (int i = 0; i < _compiledPasses.Count; i++)
+        for (var i = 0; i < _compiledPasses.Count; i++)
         {
-            cacheData.CompiledPassIndices.Add(_compiledPasses[i].Index);
+            cacheData.CompiledPassIndices.Add(_compiledPasses[i].index);
         }
 
         // Store culling flags for all passes
-        for (int i = 0; i < _passCount; i++)
+        for (var i = 0; i < _passes.Count; i++)
         {
-            cacheData.PassCulledFlags.Add(_passes[i].Culled);
+            cacheData.PassCulledFlags.Add(_passes[i].culled);
         }
 
         // Store aliasing mappings
         _aliasingManager.StoreToCache(cacheData.LogicalToPhysical, cacheData.PhysicalResources);
 
         // Store barriers
-        for (int i = 0; i < _barriers.Count; i++)
+        for (var i = 0; i < _barriers.Count; i++)
         {
             cacheData.Barriers.Add(_barriers[i]);
         }
@@ -393,17 +372,17 @@ public sealed class RenderGraph
     private void UnculDependencies(RenderGraphPassBase pass)
     {
         // Un-cull all producers of textures we read
-        for (var i = 0; i < pass.TextureReads.Count; i++)
+        for (var i = 0; i < pass.resourceReads.Count; i++)
         {
-            var readHandle = pass.TextureReads[i];
+            var readHandle = pass.resourceReads[i];
-            var resource = _resources.GetTextureResource(readHandle);
+            var resource = _resources.GetResource(readHandle);
 
             if (resource.ProducerPass >= 0)
             {
                 var producer = _passes[resource.ProducerPass];
-                if (producer.Culled)
+                if (producer.culled)
                 {
-                    producer.Culled = false;
+                    producer.culled = false;
                     UnculDependencies(producer);
                 }
             }
@@ -446,20 +425,20 @@ public sealed class RenderGraph
     private void InsertAliasingBarriers(RenderGraphPassBase pass, int passIdx)
     {
         // Check all resources written by this pass
-        for (int i = 0; i < pass.TextureWrites.Count; i++)
+        for (var i = 0; i < pass.resourceWrites.Count; i++)
         {
-            var handle = pass.TextureWrites[i];
+            var id = pass.resourceWrites[i];
-            var resource = _resources.GetTextureResource(handle);
+            var resource = _resources.GetResource(id);
 
             // Skip imported resources
             if (resource.IsImported)
                 continue;
 
             // Check if this is the first use of this logical resource
-            if (resource.FirstUsePass == pass.Index)
+            if (resource.FirstUsePass == pass.index)
             {
-                // Get the physical resource
+                // Rent the physical resource
-                int physicalIndex = _aliasingManager.GetPhysicalResourceIndex(handle.Index);
+                var physicalIndex = _aliasingManager.GetPhysicalResourceIndex(id.Value);
                 if (physicalIndex >= 0)
                 {
                     var physical = _aliasingManager.GetPhysicalResource(physicalIndex);
@@ -469,23 +448,20 @@ public sealed class RenderGraph
                     if (physical != null && physical.AliasedLogicalResources.Count > 1)
                     {
                         // Find the resource that used this physical memory most recently before this pass
-                        RenderGraphTextureHandle resourceBefore = default;
+                        Identifier<RGResource> resourceBefore = default;
-                        int mostRecentLastUse = -1;
+                        var mostRecentLastUse = -1;
 
-                        foreach (int otherLogicalIndex in physical.AliasedLogicalResources)
+                        foreach (var otherLogicalIndex in physical.AliasedLogicalResources)
                         {
-                            if (otherLogicalIndex != handle.Index)
+                            if (otherLogicalIndex != id.Value)
                             {
                                 var otherResource = _resources.GetTextureResourceByIndex(otherLogicalIndex);
                                 // Check if this resource finished before our resource starts
-                                if (otherResource.LastUsePass < pass.Index && 
+                                if (otherResource.LastUsePass < pass.index &&
                                     otherResource.LastUsePass > mostRecentLastUse)
                                 {
                                     mostRecentLastUse = otherResource.LastUsePass;
-                                    resourceBefore = new RenderGraphTextureHandle(
+                                    resourceBefore = otherLogicalIndex;
-                                        otherLogicalIndex, 
-                                        otherResource.Version, 
-                                        otherResource.Descriptor.Name);
                                 }
                             }
                         }
@@ -495,7 +471,7 @@ public sealed class RenderGraph
                         {
                             var barrier = ResourceBarrier.CreateAliasingBarrier(
                                 resourceBefore,
-                                handle,
+                                id,
                                 passIdx
                             );
                             _barriers.Add(barrier);
@@ -516,42 +492,65 @@ public sealed class RenderGraph
     private void InsertTransitionBarriers(RenderGraphPassBase pass, int passIdx)
     {
         // Process reads (transition to shader resource)
-        for (var i = 0; i < pass.TextureReads.Count; i++)
+        for (var i = 0; i < pass.resourceReads.Count; i++)
         {
-            var handle = pass.TextureReads[i];
+            var handle = pass.resourceReads[i];
             InsertTransitionIfNeeded(handle, ResourceState.ShaderResource, passIdx);
         }
 
-        // Process writes (transition to render target or UAV)
+        switch (pass.type)
-        for (var i = 0; i < pass.TextureWrites.Count; i++)
         {
-            var handle = pass.TextureWrites[i];
+            case RenderPassType.Raster:
-            var targetState = ResourceState.RenderTarget; // Could be UAV for compute
+                for (var i = 0; i <= pass.maxColorIndex; i++)
-            InsertTransitionIfNeeded(handle, targetState, passIdx);
+                {
+                    var access = pass.colorAccess[i];
+                    InsertTransitionIfNeeded(access.id.AsResource(), ResourceState.RenderTarget, passIdx);
+                }
+
+                if (pass.depthAccess.id.IsValid)
+                {
+                    var depthAccess = pass.depthAccess;
+                    InsertTransitionIfNeeded(depthAccess.id.AsResource(), ResourceState.DepthWrite, passIdx);
+                }
+
+                for (var i = 0; i < pass.randomAccess.Count; i++)
+                {
+                    InsertTransitionIfNeeded(pass.randomAccess[i], ResourceState.UnorderedAccess, passIdx);
+                }
+
+                break;
+            case RenderPassType.Compute:
+                for (var i = 0; i < pass.resourceWrites.Count; i++)
+                {
+                    var id = pass.resourceWrites[i];
+                    InsertTransitionIfNeeded(id, ResourceState.UnorderedAccess, passIdx);
+                }
+
+                break;
         }
     }
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Inserts a transition barrier if the resource state changes.
     /// </summary>
-    private void InsertTransitionIfNeeded(RenderGraphTextureHandle handle, ResourceState newState, int passIdx)
+    private void InsertTransitionIfNeeded(Identifier<RGResource> resource, ResourceState newState, int passIdx)
     {
-        if (!_resourceStates.TryGetValue(handle.Index, out var currentState))
+        if (!_resourceStates.TryGetValue(resource.Value, out var currentState))
         {
             // First time seeing this resource, assume undefined
-            currentState = ResourceState.Undefined;
+            currentState = ResourceState.Common;
         }
 
         if (currentState != newState)
         {
             var barrier = ResourceBarrier.CreateTransitionBarrier(
-                handle,
+                resource,
                 currentState,
                 newState,
                 passIdx
             );
             _barriers.Add(barrier);
-            _resourceStates[handle.Index] = newState;
+            _resourceStates[resource.Value] = newState;
 
 #if DEBUG
             Console.WriteLine($"  {barrier}");
@@ -570,8 +569,8 @@ public sealed class RenderGraph
         }
 
         // Execute each non-culled pass
-        int barrierIndex = 0;
+        var barrierIndex = 0;
-        for (int i = 0; i < _compiledPasses.Count; i++)
+        for (var i = 0; i < _compiledPasses.Count; i++)
         {
             var pass = _compiledPasses[i];
 
@@ -584,10 +583,19 @@ public sealed class RenderGraph
 #if DEBUG
                 if (!hasBarriers)
                 {
-                    Console.WriteLine($"\n=== Barriers before Pass {i}: {pass.Name} ===");
+                    Console.WriteLine($"\n=== Barriers before Pass {i}: {pass.name} ===");
                     hasBarriers = true;
                 }
-                Console.WriteLine($"  {_barriers[barrierIndex]}");
+
+                var barrier = _barriers[barrierIndex];
+                if (barrier.Type == BarrierType.Transition)
+                {
+                    _commandBuffer.ResourceBarrier(
+                        barrier.Resource,
+                        barrier.StateBefore,
+                        barrier.StateAfter
+                    );
+                }
 #endif
                 // In a real implementation, you would execute the barrier here:
                 // ExecuteBarrier(_barriers[barrierIndex]);

Ghost.RenderGraph.Concept/RenderGraphAliasing.cs

@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ internal sealed class ResourceAliasingManager
 #endif
 
         // Build list of all logical resources with their lifetimes
-        var logicalResources = ListPool<(int index, TextureResource resource)>.Rent();
+        var logicalResources = ListPool<(int index, RenderGraphResource resource)>.Rent();
         
         for (int i = 0; i < registry.TextureResourceCount; i++)
         {
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ internal sealed class ResourceAliasingManager
         Console.WriteLine("================================\n");
 #endif
 
-        ListPool<(int index, TextureResource resource)>.Return(logicalResources);
+        ListPool<(int index, RenderGraphResource resource)>.Return(logicalResources);
     }
 
     public int GetPhysicalResourceIndex(int logicalIndex)
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ internal sealed class ResourceAliasingManager
             : null;
     }
 
-    private bool HasLifetimeOverlap(PhysicalResource physical, TextureResource logical)
+    private bool HasLifetimeOverlap(PhysicalResource physical, RenderGraphResource logical)
     {
         // Check if the lifetimes overlap
         // No overlap if: logical.First > physical.Last OR logical.Last < physical.First
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ internal sealed class ResourceAliasingManager
         }
         else
         {
-            resource = _pool.Get<PhysicalResource>();
+            resource = _pool.Rent<PhysicalResource>();
             resource.Reset();
             _physicalResources.Add(resource);
         }
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ internal sealed class ResourceAliasingManager
     {
         for (int i = 0; i < _physicalResources.Count; i++)
         {
-            _pool.Release(_physicalResources[i]);
+            _pool.Return(_physicalResources[i]);
         }
         _physicalResources.Clear();
         _physicalResourceCount = 0;
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ internal sealed class ResourceAliasingManager
             }
             else
             {
-                physical = _pool.Get<PhysicalResource>();
+                physical = _pool.Rent<PhysicalResource>();
                 physical.Reset();
                 _physicalResources.Add(physical);
             }

Ghost.RenderGraph.Concept/RenderGraphBarriers.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+using Ghost.Core;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
 namespace Ghost.RenderGraph.Concept;
@@ -9,7 +10,7 @@ namespace Ghost.RenderGraph.Concept;
 [Flags]
 public enum ResourceState
 {
-    Undefined = 0,
+    Common = 0,
     RenderTarget = 1 << 0,
     DepthWrite = 1 << 1,
     DepthRead = 1 << 2,
@@ -27,7 +28,6 @@ public enum BarrierType
 {
     Transition,     // State transition (e.g., RenderTarget -> ShaderResource)
     Aliasing,       // Aliasing barrier (new resource reusing memory)
-    UAV,            // UAV barrier (synchronize UAV access)
 }
 
 /// <summary>
@@ -41,71 +41,69 @@ internal struct ResourceBarrier
     {
         internal struct barrier_union_transition
         {
-            public RenderGraphTextureHandle Resource;
+            public Identifier<RGResource> resource;
-            public ResourceState StateBefore;
+            public ResourceState stateBefore;
-            public ResourceState StateAfter;
+            public ResourceState stateAfter;
         }
 
         internal struct barrier_union_aliasing
         {
-            public RenderGraphTextureHandle ResourceBefore;
+            public Identifier<RGResource> resourceBefore;
-            public RenderGraphTextureHandle ResourceAfter;
+            public Identifier<RGResource> resourceAfter;
         }
 
         // TODO: union can not have non-blittable types
 
         [FieldOffset(0)]
-        public barrier_union_transition Transition;
+        public barrier_union_transition transition;
         [FieldOffset(0)]
-        public barrier_union_aliasing Aliasing;
+        public barrier_union_aliasing aliasing;
     }
 
-    public BarrierType Type;
+    private barrier_union _union;
+
+    public BarrierType Type
+    {
+        get; init;
+    }
+
+    public int PassIndex
+    {
+        get; init;
+    }
 
     // For Transition and UAV barriers
-    public RenderGraphTextureHandle Resource;
+    public readonly Identifier<RGResource> Resource => _union.transition.resource;
-    public ResourceState StateBefore;
+    public readonly ResourceState StateBefore => _union.transition.stateBefore;
-    public ResourceState StateAfter;
+    public readonly ResourceState StateAfter => _union.transition.stateAfter;
 
     // For Aliasing barriers (D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER::Aliasing)
-    public RenderGraphTextureHandle ResourceBefore;  // pResourceBefore
+    public readonly Identifier<RGResource> ResourceBefore => _union.aliasing.resourceBefore;
-    public RenderGraphTextureHandle ResourceAfter;   // pResourceAfter
+    public readonly Identifier<RGResource> ResourceAfter => _union.aliasing.resourceAfter;
-    
-    public int PassIndex;
-
-    // Constructor for Transition and UAV barriers
-    public ResourceBarrier(BarrierType type, RenderGraphTextureHandle resource, 
-        ResourceState before, ResourceState after, int passIndex)
-    {
-        Type = type;
-        Resource = resource;
-        StateBefore = before;
-        StateAfter = after;
-        ResourceBefore = default;
-        ResourceAfter = default;
-        PassIndex = passIndex;
-    }
 
     // Constructor for Aliasing barriers
     public static ResourceBarrier CreateAliasingBarrier(
-        RenderGraphTextureHandle resourceBefore, 
+        Identifier<RGResource> resourceBefore,
-        RenderGraphTextureHandle resourceAfter, 
+        Identifier<RGResource> resourceAfter,
         int passIndex)
     {
         return new ResourceBarrier
         {
             Type = BarrierType.Aliasing,
-            ResourceBefore = resourceBefore,
-            ResourceAfter = resourceAfter,
             PassIndex = passIndex,
-            Resource = default,
+            _union = new barrier_union
-            StateBefore = ResourceState.Undefined,
+            {
-            StateAfter = ResourceState.Undefined
+                aliasing = new barrier_union.barrier_union_aliasing
+                {
+                    resourceBefore = resourceBefore,
+                    resourceAfter = resourceAfter
+                }
+            }
         };
     }
 
     public static ResourceBarrier CreateTransitionBarrier(
-        RenderGraphTextureHandle resource,
+        Identifier<RGResource> resource,
         ResourceState before,
         ResourceState after,
         int passIndex)
@@ -113,27 +111,18 @@ internal struct ResourceBarrier
         return new ResourceBarrier
         {
             Type = BarrierType.Transition,
-            Resource = resource,
-            StateBefore = before,
-            StateAfter = after,
             PassIndex = passIndex,
-            ResourceBefore = default,
+            _union = new barrier_union
-            ResourceAfter = default
+            {
+                transition = new barrier_union.barrier_union_transition
+                {
+                    resource = resource,
+                    stateBefore = before,
+                    stateAfter = after
+                }
+            }
         };
     }
-
-#if DEBUG
-    public override readonly string ToString()
-    {
-        return Type switch
-        {
-            BarrierType.Transition => $"[Pass {PassIndex}] TRANSITION: {Resource.Name} ({StateBefore} -> {StateAfter})",
-            BarrierType.Aliasing => $"[Pass {PassIndex}] ALIASING: {ResourceBefore.Name} -> {ResourceAfter.Name} (reusing physical memory)",
-            BarrierType.UAV => $"[Pass {PassIndex}] UAV: {Resource.Name}",
-            _ => $"[Pass {PassIndex}] UNKNOWN BARRIER"
-        };
-    }
-#endif
 }
 
 /// <summary>
@@ -142,13 +131,13 @@ internal struct ResourceBarrier
 internal sealed class ResourceStateTracker
 {
     public int ResourceIndex;
-    public ResourceState CurrentState = ResourceState.Undefined;
+    public ResourceState CurrentState = ResourceState.Common;
     public int LastAccessPass = -1;
 
     public void Reset()
     {
         ResourceIndex = -1;
-        CurrentState = ResourceState.Undefined;
+        CurrentState = ResourceState.Common;
         LastAccessPass = -1;
     }
 }

Ghost.RenderGraph.Concept/RenderGraphBlackboard.cs

@@ -7,12 +7,13 @@ namespace Ghost.RenderGraph.Concept;
 /// </summary>
 public sealed class RenderGraphBlackboard
 {
-    private readonly Dictionary<Type, object> _data = new(16);
+    private readonly Dictionary<Type, IPassData> _data = new(16);
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Adds or updates pass data in the blackboard.
     /// </summary>
-    public void Add<T>(T data) where T : class, IPassData
+    public void Add<T>(T data)
+        where T : class, IPassData
     {
         var type = typeof(T);
         _data[type] = data;
@@ -21,20 +22,23 @@ public sealed class RenderGraphBlackboard
     /// <summary>
     /// Retrieves pass data from the blackboard.
     /// </summary>
-    public T Get<T>() where T : class, IPassData
+    public T Get<T>()
+        where T : class, IPassData
     {
         var type = typeof(T);
         if (_data.TryGetValue(type, out var obj))
         {
             return (T)obj;
         }
+
         throw new KeyNotFoundException($"Pass data of type {type.Name} not found in blackboard");
     }
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Tries to get pass data from the blackboard.
     /// </summary>
-    public bool TryGet<T>(out T? data) where T : class, IPassData
+    public bool TryGet<T>(out T? data)
+        where T : class, IPassData
     {
         var type = typeof(T);
         if (_data.TryGetValue(type, out var obj))
@@ -42,6 +46,7 @@ public sealed class RenderGraphBlackboard
             data = (T)obj;
             return true;
         }
+
         data = null;
         return false;
     }

Ghost.RenderGraph.Concept/RenderGraphBuilder.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+using Ghost.Core;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+
+namespace Ghost.RenderGraph.Concept;
+
+[Flags]
+public enum AccessFlags
+{
+    None = 0,
+    Read = 1 << 0,
+    Write = 1 << 1,
+    ReadWrite = Read | Write,
+}
+
+public interface IRenderGraphBuilder : IDisposable
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Enables or disables pass culling for the current context.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="value">A value indicating whether pass culling is allowed.</param>
+    void AllowPassCulling(bool value);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Creates a new texture resource based on the specified descriptor.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="descriptor">A structure that defines the properties and configuration of the texture to create.</param>
+    /// <returns>An identifier for the newly created texture resource.</returns>
+    Identifier<RGTexture> CreateTexture(in TextureDescriptor descriptor);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Registers the specified texture for use in the current render graph pass with the given access mode.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="texture">The identifier of the texture to be used in the render graph pass.</param>
+    /// <param name="accessMode">The access mode specifying how the texture will be read or written during the pass.</param>
+    /// <returns>An identifier for the texture.</returns>
+    Identifier<RGTexture> UseTexture(Identifier<RGTexture> texture, AccessFlags accessMode);
+}
+
+public interface IRasterRenderGraphBuilder : IRenderGraphBuilder
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Binds a texture for random access operations within the current rendering pass.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="texture">The identifier of the texture to be used for random access.</param>
+    /// <returns>An identifier for the texture.</returns>
+    Identifier<RGTexture> UseRandomAccessTexture(Identifier<RGTexture> texture);
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Specifies that the given buffer will be used for random access operations with the specified access mode within the current context.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="buffer">An identifier for the buffer to be used for random access. Must reference a valid buffer resource.</param>
+    /// <returns>An identifier for the buffer.</returns>
+    Identifier<RGBuffer> UseRandomAccessBuffer(Identifier<RGBuffer> buffer);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Sets the color attachment at the specified index to the given texture.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="texture">The identifier of the texture to use as the color attachment.</param>
+    /// <param name="index">The zero-based index of the color attachment to set.</param>
+    void SetColorAttachment(Identifier<RGTexture> texture, int index);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Sets the depth attachment for the current render pass using the specified texture.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="texture">The identifier of the texture to use as the depth attachment. Cannot be null.</param>
+    void SetDepthAttachment(Identifier<RGTexture> texture);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Sets the function used to render a pass with the specified pass data and render context.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <typeparam name="TPassData">The type of data associated with the render pass.</typeparam>
+    /// <param name="renderFunc">The delegate that defines the rendering logic for the pass.</param>
+    void SetRenderFunc<TPassData>(Action<TPassData, RasterRenderContext> renderFunc)
+        where TPassData : class, new();
+}
+
+public interface IComputeRenderGraphBuilder : IRenderGraphBuilder
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Enables or disables asynchronous compute operations.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="value">true to enable asynchronous compute; otherwise, false.</param>
+    void EnableAsyncCompute(bool value);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Sets the render function to be invoked during the compute rendering process.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <typeparam name="TPassData">The type of the data object passed to the render function.</typeparam>
+    /// <param name="renderFunc">The delegate that defines the rendering logic to execute.</param>
+    void SetRenderFunc<TPassData>(Action<TPassData, ComputeRenderContext> renderFunc)
+        where TPassData : class, new();
+}
+
+internal class RenderGraphBuilder : IRasterRenderGraphBuilder, IComputeRenderGraphBuilder
+{
+    private RenderGraph _graph = null!;
+    private RenderGraphPassBase _pass = null!;
+    private RenderGraphResourceRegistry _resources = null!;
+    private bool _disposed;
+
+    internal void Init(RenderGraph graph, RenderGraphPassBase pass, RenderGraphResourceRegistry resources)
+    {
+        _graph = graph;
+        _pass = pass;
+        _resources = resources;
+        _disposed = false;
+    }
+
+    private void ThrowIfDisposed()
+    {
+        ObjectDisposedException.ThrowIf(_disposed, this);
+    }
+
+    private Identifier<RGResource> UseResource(Identifier<RGResource> resource, AccessFlags accessFlags)
+    {
+        if (accessFlags.HasFlag(AccessFlags.Read))
+        {
+            _pass.resourceReads.Add(resource);
+            _resources.AddConsumer(resource, _pass.index);
+        }
+
+        if (accessFlags.HasFlag(AccessFlags.Write))
+        {
+            _pass.resourceWrites.Add(resource);
+            _resources.SetProducer(resource, _pass.index);
+        }
+
+        return resource;
+    }
+
+    public void AllowPassCulling(bool value)
+    {
+        _pass.allowCulling = value;
+    }
+
+    public void EnableAsyncCompute(bool value)
+    {
+        _pass.asyncCompute = value;
+    }
+
+    public Identifier<RGTexture> CreateTexture(in TextureDescriptor descriptor)
+    {
+        ThrowIfDisposed();
+
+        var handle = _resources.CreateTexture(descriptor);
+        _pass.resourceCreates.Add(handle.AsResource());
+        _resources.SetProducer(handle.AsResource(), _pass.index);
+        return handle;
+    }
+
+    public Identifier<RGTexture> UseTexture(Identifier<RGTexture> texture, AccessFlags flags)
+    {
+        ThrowIfDisposed();
+
+        return UseResource(texture.AsResource(), flags).AsTexture();
+    }
+
+    public Identifier<RGTexture> UseRandomAccessTexture(Identifier<RGTexture> texture)
+    {
+        ThrowIfDisposed();
+
+        var resource = texture.AsResource();
+        UseResource(resource, AccessFlags.ReadWrite);
+        _pass.randomAccess.Add(resource);
+        return texture;
+    }
+
+    public Identifier<RGBuffer> UseRandomAccessBuffer(Identifier<RGBuffer> buffer)
+    {
+        ThrowIfDisposed();
+
+        var resource = buffer.AsResource();
+        UseResource(resource, AccessFlags.ReadWrite);
+        _pass.randomAccess.Add(resource);
+        return buffer;
+    }
+
+    public void SetColorAttachment(Identifier<RGTexture> texture, int index)
+    {
+        ThrowIfDisposed();
+
+        Debug.Assert(index >= 0 && index < _pass.colorAccess.Length, "Color attachment index out of range.");
+
+        var id = UseTexture(texture, AccessFlags.Write);
+        if (_pass.colorAccess[index].id == id || _pass.colorAccess[index].id.IsInvalid)
+        {
+            _pass.maxColorIndex = Math.Max(_pass.maxColorIndex, index);
+            _pass.colorAccess[index] = new TextureAccess(id, AccessFlags.Write);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException($"Color attachment at index {index} is already set to a different texture.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void SetDepthAttachment(Identifier<RGTexture> texture)
+    {
+        ThrowIfDisposed();
+
+        var id = UseTexture(texture, AccessFlags.Write);
+        if (_pass.depthAccess.id == id || _pass.depthAccess.id.IsInvalid)
+        {
+            _pass.depthAccess = new TextureAccess(id, AccessFlags.Write);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("Depth attachment is already set to a different texture.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void SetRenderFunc<TPassData>(Action<TPassData, RasterRenderContext> renderFunc)
+        where TPassData : class, new()
+    {
+        ((RasterRenderGraphPass<TPassData>)_pass).renderFunc = renderFunc;
+    }
+
+    public void SetRenderFunc<TPassData>(Action<TPassData, ComputeRenderContext> renderFunc)
+        where TPassData : class, new()
+    {
+        ((ComputeRenderGraphPass<TPassData>)_pass).renderFunc = renderFunc;
+    }
+
+    public void Dispose()
+    {
+        if (_disposed)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!_pass.HasRenderFunc())
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("RenderGraphBuilder must be disposed after setting up the render function.");
+        }
+
+        _graph = null!;
+        _pass = null!;
+        _resources = null!;
+
+        _disposed = true;
+    }
+}

Ghost.RenderGraph.Concept/RenderGraphBuilderExtensions.cs

@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-namespace Ghost.RenderGraph.Concept;
-
-/// <summary>
-/// Extension methods to provide a cleaner API for setting render functions.
-/// These avoid the need for explicit type annotations in lambdas.
-/// </summary>
-public static class RenderGraphBuilderExtensions
-{
-    // Internal helper to cast and set
-    private static void SetRasterFunc<TPassData>(this RenderGraphBuilder builder, object pass, Action<TPassData, RasterRenderContext> func)
-        where TPassData : class, new()
-    {
-        if (pass is RenderGraphPass<TPassData> typedPass)
-        {
-            builder.SetRenderFunc(func);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static void SetCompFunc<TPassData>(this RenderGraphBuilder builder, object pass, Action<TPassData, ComputeRenderContext> func, bool async)
-        where TPassData : class, new()
-    {
-        if (pass is RenderGraphPass<TPassData> typedPass)
-        {
-            builder.SetComputeFunc(func, async);
-        }
-    }
-}

Ghost.RenderGraph.Concept/RenderGraphContext.cs

@@ -1,36 +1,38 @@
+using Ghost.Core;
+
 namespace Ghost.RenderGraph.Concept;
 
 /// <summary>
 /// Mock command buffer for recording GPU commands.
 /// In a real implementation, this would wrap D3D12 command lists.
 /// </summary>
-public sealed class MockCommandBuffer
+internal sealed class MockCommandBuffer
 {
-    public void SetRenderTarget(string name)
+    public void SetRenderTarget(Identifier<RGTexture> texture)
     {
 #if DEBUG
-        Console.WriteLine(nameof(SetRenderTarget) + ": " + name);
+        Console.WriteLine(nameof(SetRenderTarget) + ": " + texture);
 #endif
     }
 
-    public void SetDepthStencil(string name)
+    public void SetDepthStencil(Identifier<RGTexture> texture)
     {
 #if DEBUG
-        Console.WriteLine(nameof(SetDepthStencil) + ": " + name);
+        Console.WriteLine(nameof(SetDepthStencil) + ": " + texture);
 #endif
     }
 
-    public void ClearRenderTarget(string name, float r, float g, float b, float a)
+    public void ClearRenderTarget(Identifier<RGTexture> texture, float r, float g, float b, float a)
     {
 #if DEBUG
-        Console.WriteLine(nameof(ClearRenderTarget) + ": " + name);
+        Console.WriteLine(nameof(ClearRenderTarget) + ": " + texture);
 #endif
     }
 
-    public void ClearDepth(string name, float depth)
+    public void ClearDepth(Identifier<RGTexture> texture, float depth)
     {
 #if DEBUG
-        Console.WriteLine(nameof(ClearDepth) + ": " + name);
+        Console.WriteLine(nameof(ClearDepth) + ": " + texture);
 #endif
     }
 
@@ -41,17 +43,17 @@ public sealed class MockCommandBuffer
 #endif
     }
 
-    public void BindShaderResource(string name, int slot)
+    public void BindShaderResource(Identifier<RGResource> resource, int slot)
     {
 #if DEBUG
-        Console.WriteLine(nameof(BindShaderResource) + ": " + name + ", slot " + slot);
+        Console.WriteLine(nameof(BindShaderResource) + ": " + resource + ", slot " + slot);
 #endif
     }
 
-    public void BindUnorderedAccess(string name, int slot)
+    public void BindUnorderedAccess(Identifier<RGResource> resource, int slot)
     {
 #if DEBUG
-        Console.WriteLine(nameof(BindUnorderedAccess) + ": " + name + ", slot " + slot);
+        Console.WriteLine(nameof(BindUnorderedAccess) + ": " + resource + ", slot " + slot);
 #endif
     }
 
@@ -62,14 +64,14 @@ public sealed class MockCommandBuffer
 #endif
     }
 
-    public void ResourceBarrier(string resourceName, string stateBefore, string stateAfter)
+    public void ResourceBarrier(Identifier<RGResource> resource, ResourceState stateBefore, ResourceState stateAfter)
     {
 #if DEBUG
-        Console.WriteLine(nameof(ResourceBarrier) + ": " + resourceName + " from " + stateBefore + " to " + stateAfter);
+        Console.WriteLine(nameof(ResourceBarrier) + ": " + resource + " from " + stateBefore + " to " + stateAfter);
 #endif
     }
 
-    public void AliasBarrier(string resourceBefore, string resourceAfter)
+    public void AliasBarrier(Identifier<RGResource> resourceBefore, Identifier<RGResource> resourceAfter)
     {
 #if DEBUG
         Console.WriteLine(nameof(AliasBarrier) + ": " + resourceBefore + " to " + resourceAfter);
@@ -85,18 +87,18 @@ public readonly struct RasterRenderContext
 {
     private readonly MockCommandBuffer _cmd;
 
-    public RasterRenderContext(MockCommandBuffer cmd)
+    internal RasterRenderContext(MockCommandBuffer cmd)
     {
         _cmd = cmd;
     }
 
     // Expose command buffer methods directly
-    public void SetRenderTarget(string name) => _cmd.SetRenderTarget(name);
+    public void SetRenderTarget(Identifier<RGTexture> texture) => _cmd.SetRenderTarget(texture);
-    public void SetDepthStencil(string name) => _cmd.SetDepthStencil(name);
+    public void SetDepthStencil(Identifier<RGTexture> texture) => _cmd.SetDepthStencil(texture);
-    public void ClearRenderTarget(string name, float r, float g, float b, float a) => _cmd.ClearRenderTarget(name, r, g, b, a);
+    public void ClearRenderTarget(Identifier<RGTexture> texture, float r, float g, float b, float a) => _cmd.ClearRenderTarget(texture, r, g, b, a);
-    public void ClearDepth(string name, float depth) => _cmd.ClearDepth(name, depth);
+    public void ClearDepth(Identifier<RGTexture> texture, float depth) => _cmd.ClearDepth(texture, depth);
     public void Draw(int vertexCount) => _cmd.Draw(vertexCount);
-    public void BindShaderResource(string name, int slot) => _cmd.BindShaderResource(name, slot);
+    public void BindShaderResource(Identifier<RGResource> resource, int slot) => _cmd.BindShaderResource(resource, slot);
 }
 
 /// <summary>
@@ -107,14 +109,14 @@ public readonly struct ComputeRenderContext
 {
     private readonly MockCommandBuffer _cmd;
 
-    public ComputeRenderContext(MockCommandBuffer cmd)
+    internal ComputeRenderContext(MockCommandBuffer cmd)
     {
         _cmd = cmd;
     }
 
     // Expose command buffer methods directly
-    public void BindShaderResource(string name, int slot) => _cmd.BindShaderResource(name, slot);
+    public void BindShaderResource(Identifier<RGResource> resource, int slot) => _cmd.BindShaderResource(resource, slot);
-    public void BindUnorderedAccess(string name, int slot) => _cmd.BindUnorderedAccess(name, slot);
+    public void BindUnorderedAccess(Identifier<RGResource> resource, int slot) => _cmd.BindUnorderedAccess(resource, slot);
     public void Dispatch(int x, int y, int z) => _cmd.Dispatch(x, y, z);
 }
 

Ghost.RenderGraph.Concept/RenderGraphHash.cs

@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-using System.IO.Hashing;
-using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
-
-namespace Ghost.RenderGraph.Concept;
-
-/// <summary>
-/// Helper extensions for XxHash3 to hash common types without string allocation.
-/// Uses SIMD-optimized hashing via System.IO.Hashing.XxHash3.
-/// </summary>
-internal static class RenderGraphHashExtensions
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Appends an int to the hash.
-    /// </summary>
-    public static void AppendInt(this XxHash64 hash, int value)
-    {
-        ReadOnlySpan<int> span = stackalloc int[1] { value };
-        hash.Append(MemoryMarshal.AsBytes(span));
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Appends a bool to the hash.
-    /// </summary>
-    public static void AppendBool(this XxHash64 hash, bool value)
-    {
-        ReadOnlySpan<bool> span = stackalloc bool[1] { value };
-        hash.Append(MemoryMarshal.AsBytes(span));
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Appends an enum to the hash.
-    /// </summary>
-    public static void AppendEnum<TEnum>(this XxHash64 hash, TEnum value) where TEnum : unmanaged, Enum
-    {
-        ReadOnlySpan<TEnum> span = stackalloc TEnum[1] { value };
-        hash.Append(MemoryMarshal.AsBytes(span));
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Appends a struct to the hash (must be unmanaged).
-    /// </summary>
-    public static void AppendStruct<T>(this XxHash64 hash, in T value) where T : unmanaged
-    {
-        ReadOnlySpan<T> span = stackalloc T[1] { value };
-        hash.Append(MemoryMarshal.AsBytes(span));
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Appends a list of resource handle indices to the hash.
-    /// </summary>
-    public static void AppendHandleList(this XxHash64 hash, List<RenderGraphTextureHandle> handles)
-    {
-        // Only hash the indices, not the versions (versions change but structure doesn't)
-        int count = handles.Count;
-        hash.AppendInt(count);
-        
-        //for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
-        //{
-        //    hash.AppendInt(handles[i].Index);
-        //}
-        Span<int> indices = stackalloc int[count];
-        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
-        {
-            indices[i] = handles[i].Index;
-        }
-        hash.Append(MemoryMarshal.AsBytes(indices));
-    }
-}

Ghost.RenderGraph.Concept/RenderGraphPass.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+using Ghost.Core;
+using System.IO;
+
 namespace Ghost.RenderGraph.Concept;
 
 /// <summary>
@@ -15,201 +18,112 @@ public enum RenderPassType : byte
 /// </summary>
 internal abstract class RenderGraphPassBase
 {
-    public string Name = string.Empty;
+    public string name = string.Empty;
-    public int Index;
+    public int index;
-    public RenderPassType Type;
+    public RenderPassType type;
-    public bool AllowCulling = true;
+    public bool allowCulling = true;
-    public bool AsyncCompute;
+    public bool asyncCompute;
+
+    public TextureAccess depthAccess;
+    public TextureAccess[] colorAccess = new TextureAccess[8];
+    public int maxColorIndex = -1;
+
+    public List<Identifier<RGResource>> randomAccess = new(8);
 
     // Resource dependencies
-    public readonly List<RenderGraphTextureHandle> TextureReads = new(8);
+    public readonly List<Identifier<RGResource>> resourceReads = new(8);
-    public readonly List<RenderGraphTextureHandle> TextureWrites = new(4);
+    public readonly List<Identifier<RGResource>> resourceWrites = new(4);
-    public readonly List<RenderGraphTextureHandle> TextureCreates = new(4);
+    public readonly List<Identifier<RGResource>> resourceCreates = new(4);
     
     // Execution state
-    public bool Culled;
+    public bool culled;
-    public bool HasSideEffects;
+    public bool hasSideEffects;
 
     public abstract void Execute(RenderContext context);
     public abstract void Clear();
+    public abstract bool HasRenderFunc();
 
-    public virtual void Reset()
+    public virtual void Reset(RenderGraphObjectPool pool)
     {
-        Name = string.Empty;
+        name = string.Empty;
-        Index = -1;
+        index = -1;
-        Type = RenderPassType.Raster;
+        type = RenderPassType.Raster;
-        AllowCulling = true;
+        allowCulling = true;
-        AsyncCompute = false;
+        asyncCompute = false;
-        TextureReads.Clear();
+        
-        TextureWrites.Clear();
+        depthAccess = default;
-        TextureCreates.Clear();
+        colorAccess.AsSpan().Clear();
-        Culled = false;
+        maxColorIndex = -1;
-        HasSideEffects = false;
+
+        randomAccess.Clear();
+
+        resourceReads.Clear();
+        resourceWrites.Clear();
+        resourceCreates.Clear();
+        culled = false;
+        hasSideEffects = false;
     }
 }
 
-/// <summary>
+internal abstract class RenderGraphPassT<TPassData, TRenderContext> : RenderGraphPassBase
-/// Typed render pass with user data.
-/// </summary>
-internal sealed class RenderGraphPass<TPassData> : RenderGraphPassBase
     where TPassData : class, new()
 {
-    public TPassData? PassData;
+    public TPassData passData = null!;
-    public Action<TPassData, RasterRenderContext>? RasterRenderFunc;
+    public Action<TPassData, TRenderContext>? renderFunc;
-    public Action<TPassData, ComputeRenderContext>? ComputeRenderFunc;
 
-    public override void Execute(RenderContext context)
+    public void Init(int index, TPassData passData, string name, RenderPassType type)
     {
-        if (PassData == null)
+        this.index = index;
-            return;
+        this.passData = passData;
+        this.name = name;
+        this.type = type;
+    }
 
-        if (Type == RenderPassType.Raster && RasterRenderFunc != null)
+    public sealed override bool HasRenderFunc()
-        {
+    {
-            RasterRenderFunc(PassData, context.RasterContext);
+        return renderFunc != null;
-        }
-        else if (Type == RenderPassType.Compute && ComputeRenderFunc != null)
-        {
-            ComputeRenderFunc(PassData, context.ComputeContext);
-        }
     }
 
     public override void Clear()
     {
-        PassData = null;
+        passData = null!;
-        RasterRenderFunc = null;
+        renderFunc = null;
-        ComputeRenderFunc = null;
     }
 
-    public override void Reset()
+    public override void Reset(RenderGraphObjectPool pool)
     {
-        base.Reset();
+        base.Reset(pool);
+        pool.Return(passData);
         Clear();
     }
 }
 
-/// <summary>
+internal sealed class RasterRenderGraphPass<TPassData> : RenderGraphPassT<TPassData, RasterRenderContext>
-/// Builder for constructing render passes.
+    where TPassData : class, new()
-/// Implements IDisposable for using() pattern.
-/// </summary>
-public sealed class RenderGraphBuilder : IDisposable
 {
-    private RenderGraphPassBase? _pass;
+    public override void Execute(RenderContext context)
-    private RenderGraphResourceRegistry? _resources;
-    private bool _disposed;
-
-    internal void Initialize(RenderGraphPassBase pass, RenderGraphResourceRegistry resources)
     {
-        _pass = pass;
+        renderFunc!(passData, context.RasterContext);
-        _resources = resources;
-        _disposed = false;
     }
 
-    /// <summary>
+    public override void Reset(RenderGraphObjectPool pool)
-    /// Creates a new transient texture that only lives for this pass.
-    /// </summary>
-    public RenderGraphTextureHandle CreateTexture(TextureDescriptor descriptor)
     {
-        ThrowIfDisposed();
+        base.Reset(pool);
-        var handle = _resources!.CreateTexture(descriptor);
+        pool.Return(this);
-        _pass!.TextureCreates.Add(handle);
+    }
-        _resources.SetProducer(handle, _pass.Index);
+}
-        return handle;
+
-    }
+internal sealed class ComputeRenderGraphPass<TPassData> : RenderGraphPassT<TPassData, ComputeRenderContext>
-
+    where TPassData : class, new()
-    /// <summary>
+{
-    /// Marks a texture as being read by this pass.
+    public override void Execute(RenderContext context)
-    /// </summary>
+    {
-    public RenderGraphTextureHandle ReadTexture(RenderGraphTextureHandle handle)
+        renderFunc!(passData, context.ComputeContext);
-    {
+    }
-        ThrowIfDisposed();
+
-        _pass!.TextureReads.Add(handle);
+    public override void Reset(RenderGraphObjectPool pool)
-        _resources!.AddConsumer(handle, _pass.Index);
+    {
-        return handle;
+        base.Reset(pool);
-    }
+        pool.Return(this);
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Marks a texture as being written by this pass.
-    /// </summary>
-    public RenderGraphTextureHandle WriteTexture(RenderGraphTextureHandle handle)
-    {
-        ThrowIfDisposed();
-        _pass!.TextureWrites.Add(handle);
-        _resources!.SetProducer(handle, _pass.Index);
-        return handle;
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Sets up a depth buffer for this pass.
-    /// </summary>
-    public RenderGraphTextureHandle UseDepthBuffer(RenderGraphTextureHandle handle, bool writeAccess)
-    {
-        ThrowIfDisposed();
-        if (writeAccess)
-        {
-            _pass!.TextureWrites.Add(handle);
-            _resources!.SetProducer(handle, _pass.Index);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            _pass!.TextureReads.Add(handle);
-            _resources!.AddConsumer(handle, _pass.Index);
-        }
-        return handle;
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Sets the render function for a raster pass.
-    /// </summary>
-    public void SetRenderFunc<TPassData>(Action<TPassData, RasterRenderContext> renderFunc)
-        where TPassData : class, new()
-    {
-        ThrowIfDisposed();
-        
-        if (_pass is RenderGraphPass<TPassData> typedPass)
-        {
-            typedPass.RasterRenderFunc = renderFunc;
-            typedPass.Type = RenderPassType.Raster;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Sets the compute function for a compute pass.
-    /// </summary>
-    public void SetComputeFunc<TPassData>(Action<TPassData, ComputeRenderContext> computeFunc, bool asyncCompute = false)
-        where TPassData : class, new()
-    {
-        ThrowIfDisposed();
-        
-        if (_pass is RenderGraphPass<TPassData> typedPass)
-        {
-            typedPass.ComputeRenderFunc = computeFunc;
-            typedPass.Type = RenderPassType.Compute;
-            typedPass.AsyncCompute = asyncCompute;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Controls whether this pass can be culled if its outputs are unused.
-    /// </summary>
-    public void SetAllowCulling(bool allow)
-    {
-        ThrowIfDisposed();
-        _pass!.AllowCulling = allow;
-    }
-
-    public void Dispose()
-    {
-        if (!_disposed)
-        {
-            _disposed = true;
-            _pass = null;
-            _resources = null;
-        }
-    }
-
-    private void ThrowIfDisposed()
-    {
-        if (_disposed || _pass == null)
-            throw new ObjectDisposedException(nameof(RenderGraphBuilder));
     }
 }

Ghost.RenderGraph.Concept/RenderGraphResourcePool.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+using Ghost.Core;
+using Misaki.HighPerformance.Buffer;
+
 namespace Ghost.RenderGraph.Concept;
 
 /// <summary>
@@ -6,44 +9,76 @@ namespace Ghost.RenderGraph.Concept;
 /// </summary>
 internal sealed class RenderGraphObjectPool
 {
-    private readonly Dictionary<Type, Stack<object>> _pools = new();
+    private static readonly List<SharedObjectPoolBase> s_allocatedPools = new();
 
-    public T Get<T>() where T : class, new()
+    private class SharedObjectPoolBase
     {
-        var type = typeof(T);
+        public SharedObjectPoolBase() { }
-        if (_pools.TryGetValue(type, out var pool) && pool.Count > 0)
+        public virtual void Clear() { }
-        {
-            return (T)pool.Pop();
-        }
-        return new T();
     }
 
-    public void Release<T>(T obj) where T : class
+    private class SharedObjectPool<T> : SharedObjectPoolBase where T : class, new()
     {
-        if (obj == null) return;
+        private static readonly ObjectPool<T> s_pool = AllocatePool();
 
-        var type = typeof(T);
+        private static ObjectPool<T> AllocatePool()
-        if (!_pools.TryGetValue(type, out var pool))
         {
-            pool = new Stack<object>(16);
+            var newPool = new ObjectPool<T>(() => new T());
-            _pools[type] = pool;
+            // Storing instance to clear the static pool of the same type if needed
+            s_allocatedPools.Add(new SharedObjectPool<T>());
+            return newPool;
         }
-        pool.Push(obj);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Clear the pool using SharedObjectPool instance.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public override void Clear()
+        {
+            s_pool.Reset();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Rent a new instance from the pool.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static T Rent() => s_pool.Rent();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Return an object to the pool.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="toRelease">instance to release.</param>
+        public static void Return(T toRelease) => s_pool.Return(toRelease);
+    }
+
+    public T Rent<T>()
+        where T : class, new()
+    {
+        return SharedObjectPool<T>.Rent();
+    }
+
+    public void Return<T>(T obj)
+        where T : class, new()
+    {
+        SharedObjectPool<T>.Return(obj);
     }
 
     public void Clear()
     {
-        _pools.Clear();
+        for (var i = 0; i < s_allocatedPools.Count; i++)
+        {
+            s_allocatedPools[i].Clear();
+        }
     }
 }
 
 /// <summary>
 /// Represents a texture resource in the render graph.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed class TextureResource
+internal sealed class RenderGraphResource
 {
+    public RenderGraphResourceType type;
     public int Index;
-    public int Version;
     public TextureDescriptor Descriptor;
     public bool IsImported;
     public int FirstUsePass = -1;
@@ -55,7 +90,6 @@ internal sealed class TextureResource
     public void Reset()
     {
         Index = -1;
-        Version = 0;
         Descriptor = default;
         IsImported = false;
         FirstUsePass = -1;
@@ -72,7 +106,7 @@ internal sealed class TextureResource
 /// </summary>
 internal sealed class RenderGraphResourceRegistry
 {
-    private readonly List<TextureResource> _textureResources = new(64);
+    private readonly List<RenderGraphResource> _resources = new(64);
     private readonly RenderGraphObjectPool _pool = new();
     private int _textureResourceCount;
 
@@ -85,76 +119,78 @@ internal sealed class RenderGraphResourceRegistry
         _textureResourceCount = 0;
     }
 
-    public RenderGraphTextureHandle ImportTexture(TextureDescriptor descriptor)
+    public Identifier<RGTexture> ImportTexture(TextureDescriptor descriptor)
     {
         var resource = GetOrCreateTextureResource();
         resource.Index = _textureResourceCount - 1;
-        resource.Version = 0;
         resource.Descriptor = descriptor;
         resource.IsImported = true;
 
-        return new RenderGraphTextureHandle(resource.Index, resource.Version, descriptor.Name);
+        return new Identifier<RGTexture>(resource.Index);
     }
 
-    public RenderGraphTextureHandle CreateTexture(TextureDescriptor descriptor)
+    public Identifier<RGTexture> CreateTexture(TextureDescriptor descriptor)
     {
         var resource = GetOrCreateTextureResource();
         resource.Index = _textureResourceCount - 1;
-        resource.Version = 0;
         resource.Descriptor = descriptor;
         resource.IsImported = false;
 
-        return new RenderGraphTextureHandle(resource.Index, resource.Version, descriptor.Name);
+        return new Identifier<RGTexture>(resource.Index);
     }
 
-    public TextureResource GetTextureResource(RenderGraphTextureHandle handle)
+    public RenderGraphResource GetResource(Identifier<RGResource> resource)
     {
-        if (handle.Index < 0 || handle.Index >= _textureResourceCount)
+        if (resource.Value < 0 || resource.Value >= _textureResourceCount)
-            throw new ArgumentException($"Invalid texture handle: {handle.Index}");
+            throw new ArgumentException($"Invalid texture handle: {resource}");
 
-        return _textureResources[handle.Index];
+        return _resources[resource.Value];
     }
 
-    public TextureResource GetTextureResourceByIndex(int index)
+    public RenderGraphResource GetTextureResourceByIndex(int index)
     {
         if (index < 0 || index >= _textureResourceCount)
             throw new ArgumentException($"Invalid texture index: {index}");
 
-        return _textureResources[index];
+        return _resources[index];
     }
 
-    public void SetProducer(RenderGraphTextureHandle handle, int passIndex)
+    public void SetProducer(Identifier<RGResource> resourceID, int passIndex)
     {
-        var resource = GetTextureResource(handle);
+        var resource = GetResource(resourceID);
         resource.ProducerPass = passIndex;
         if (resource.FirstUsePass < 0)
+        {
             resource.FirstUsePass = passIndex;
+        }
     }
 
-    public void AddConsumer(RenderGraphTextureHandle handle, int passIndex)
+    public void AddConsumer(Identifier<RGResource> resourceID, int passIndex)
     {
-        var resource = GetTextureResource(handle);
+        var resource = GetResource(resourceID);
         resource.ConsumerPasses.Add(passIndex);
         resource.LastUsePass = passIndex;
         if (resource.FirstUsePass < 0)
+        {
             resource.FirstUsePass = passIndex;
+        }
     }
 
-    private TextureResource GetOrCreateTextureResource()
+    private RenderGraphResource GetOrCreateTextureResource()
     {
-        TextureResource resource;
+        RenderGraphResource resource;
-        if (_textureResourceCount < _textureResources.Count)
+        if (_textureResourceCount < _resources.Count)
         {
             // Reuse existing slot
-            resource = _textureResources[_textureResourceCount];
+            resource = _resources[_textureResourceCount];
             resource.Reset();
         }
         else
         {
             // Need to grow the list
-            resource = _pool.Get<TextureResource>();
+            resource = _pool.Rent<RenderGraphResource>();
             resource.Reset();
-            _textureResources.Add(resource);
+            _resources.Add(resource);
         }
 
         _textureResourceCount++;
@@ -163,11 +199,11 @@ internal sealed class RenderGraphResourceRegistry
 
     public void Clear()
     {
-        for (int i = 0; i < _textureResources.Count; i++)
+        for (var i = 0; i < _resources.Count; i++)
         {
-            _pool.Release(_textureResources[i]);
+            _pool.Return(_resources[i]);
         }
-        _textureResources.Clear();
+        _resources.Clear();
         _textureResourceCount = 0;
     }
 }

Ghost.RenderGraph.Concept/RenderGraphTypes.cs

@@ -1,30 +1,57 @@
+using Ghost.Core;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+
 namespace Ghost.RenderGraph.Concept;
 
-/// <summary>
+internal enum RenderGraphResourceType
-/// Opaque handle to a render graph texture resource.
-/// </summary>
-public readonly struct RenderGraphTextureHandle : IEquatable<RenderGraphTextureHandle>
 {
-    public readonly int Index;
+    Texture,
-    public readonly int Version;
+    Buffer,
-    internal readonly string InternalName;
+    AccelerationStructure,
+    Count
+}
 
-    public RenderGraphTextureHandle(int index, int version, string name = "")
+public struct RGResource;
+public struct RGTexture;
+public struct RGBuffer;
+
+public static class RGResourceExtensions
+{
+    [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+    public static Identifier<RGResource> AsResource(this Identifier<RGTexture> texture)
     {
-        Index = index;
+        return new Identifier<RGResource>(texture.Value);
-        Version = version;
-        InternalName = name;
     }
 
-    public string Name => InternalName;
+    [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+    public static Identifier<RGResource> AsResource(this Identifier<RGBuffer> buffer)
+    {
+        return new Identifier<RGResource>(buffer.Value);
+    }
 
-    public bool IsValid() => Index >= 0;
+    [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+    internal static Identifier<RGTexture> AsTexture(this Identifier<RGResource> resource)
+    {
+        return new Identifier<RGTexture>(resource.Value);
+    }
 
-    public readonly bool Equals(RenderGraphTextureHandle other) => Index == other.Index && Version == other.Version;
+    [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
-    public override readonly bool Equals(object? obj) => obj is RenderGraphTextureHandle other && Equals(other);
+    internal static Identifier<RGBuffer> AsBuffer(this Identifier<RGResource> resource)
-    public override readonly int GetHashCode() => HashCode.Combine(Index, Version);
+    {
-    public static bool operator ==(RenderGraphTextureHandle left, RenderGraphTextureHandle right) => left.Equals(right);
+        return new Identifier<RGBuffer>(resource.Value);
-    public static bool operator !=(RenderGraphTextureHandle left, RenderGraphTextureHandle right) => !left.Equals(right);
+    }
+}
+
+internal readonly struct TextureAccess
+{
+    public readonly Identifier<RGTexture> id;
+    public readonly AccessFlags accessFlags;
+
+    public TextureAccess(Identifier<RGTexture> id, AccessFlags accessFlags)
+    {
+        this.id = id;
+        this.accessFlags = accessFlags;
+    }
 }
 
 /// <summary>