GhostEngine/Ghost.Graphics/Data/MeshClass.cs

using Ghost.Graphics.D3D12;
using Ghost.Graphics.RHI;
using Misaki.HighPerformance.LowLevel.Buffer;
using Misaki.HighPerformance.LowLevel.Collections;
using Misaki.HighPerformance.LowLevel.Utilities;
using Misaki.HighPerformance.Mathematics;
using Misaki.HighPerformance.Mathematics.Geometry;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using Win32.Graphics.Direct3D12;
using Win32.Graphics.Dxgi.Common;

namespace Ghost.Graphics.Data;

public struct Mesh
{
    public UnsafeList<Vertex> vertices;
    public UnsafeList<uint> indices;
    public AABB boundingBox;
    public BufferHandle vertexBuffer;
    public BufferHandle indexBuffer;

    public Mesh()
    {
        vertexBuffer = BufferHandle.Invalid;
        indexBuffer = BufferHandle.Invalid;
    }

    internal Mesh(ReadOnlySpan<Vertex> vertices, ReadOnlySpan<uint> indices, BufferHandle vertexBuffer, BufferHandle indexBuffer)
    {
        this.vertices = new(vertices.Length, Allocator.Persistent);
        this.indices = new(indices.Length, Allocator.Persistent);
        this.vertices.CopyFrom(vertices);
        this.indices.CopyFrom(indices);
        this.vertexBuffer = vertexBuffer;
        this.indexBuffer = indexBuffer;

        ComputeBounds();
    }

    public void ComputeBounds()
    {
        if (vertices.Count == 0)
        {
            return;
        }

        var min = new float3(float.MaxValue);
        var max = new float3(float.MinValue);
        foreach (var vertex in vertices)
        {
            var pos = vertex.position.xyz;
            min = math.min(min, pos);
            max = math.max(max, pos);
        }

        boundingBox = new AABB(min, max);
    }

    public void ReleaseCpuResources()
    {
        vertices.Dispose();
        indices.Dispose();
    }
}

public unsafe sealed class MeshClass : IDisposable
{
    private UnsafeList<Vertex> _vertices;
    private UnsafeList<int> _indices;

    private AABB _boundingBox;

    private IBuffer? _vertexBuffer;
    private IBuffer? _indexBuffer;

    public Span<Vertex> Vertices => _vertices.AsSpan();
    public Span<int> Indices => _indices.AsSpan();
    public AABB BoundingBox => _boundingBox;

    public uint VertexCount => (uint)_vertices.Count;
    public uint IndexCount => (uint)_indices.Count;

    public uint VertexBufferDescriptorIndex
    {
        get
        {
            if (_vertexBuffer == null || !_vertexBuffer.Handle.IsValid)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Vertex buffer is not created.");
            }

            var bindlessDesc = _vertexBuffer.Handle.BindlessDescriptor;
            if (!bindlessDesc.IsValid)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Vertex buffer is not created with bindless.");
            }

            return bindlessDesc.Index;
        }
    }

    public uint IndexBufferDescriptorIndex
    {
        get
        {
            if (_indexBuffer == null || !_indexBuffer.Handle.IsValid)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Index buffer is not created.");
            }

            var bindlessDesc = _indexBuffer.Handle.BindlessDescriptor;
            if (!bindlessDesc.IsValid)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Index buffer is not created with bindless.");
            }

            return bindlessDesc.Index;
        }
    }

    public MeshClass(int initialVertexCapacity = 256, int initialIndexCapacity = 512)
    {
        _vertices = new(initialVertexCapacity, Allocator.Persistent);
        _indices = new(initialIndexCapacity, Allocator.Persistent);
    }

    public MeshClass(ReadOnlySpan<Vertex> vertices, ReadOnlySpan<int> indices)
        : this(vertices.Length, indices.Length)
    {
        _vertices = new(vertices.Length, Allocator.Persistent);
        _indices = new(indices.Length, Allocator.Persistent);

        _vertices.CopyFrom(vertices);
        _indices.CopyFrom(indices);
    }

    ~MeshClass()
    {
        Dispose();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Adds a vertex to the mesh with the specified attributes.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="vertex">The vertex data to add</param>
    [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
    public void AddVertex(Vertex vertex)
    {
        _vertices.Add(vertex);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Adds a triangle to the mesh by specifying the indices of its three vertices.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="index0">The index of the first vertex in the triangle. Must be within the range of the current vertex count.</param>
    /// <param name="index1">The index of the second vertex in the triangle. Must be within the range of the current vertex count.</param>
    /// <param name="index2">The index of the third vertex in the triangle. Must be within the range of the current vertex count.</param>
    /// <exception cref="ArgumentOutOfRangeException">Thrown if any of the specified indices are out of range for the current vertex count.</exception>
    public void AddTriangle(int index0, int index1, int index2)
    {
        if (index0 >= _vertices.Count || index1 >= _vertices.Count || index2 >= _vertices.Count)
        {
            throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("Index out of range for the current vertex count.");
        }

        _indices.Add(index0);
        _indices.Add(index1);
        _indices.Add(index2);
    }

    public void AddTriangles(params ReadOnlySpan<int> indices)
    {
        if (indices.Length % 3 != 0)
        {
            throw new ArgumentException("The number of indices must be a multiple of 3 to form triangles.");
        }

        foreach (var index in indices)
        {
            if (index < 0 || index >= _vertices.Count)
            {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(indices), "Index out of range for the current vertex count.");
            }

            _indices.Add(index);
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Reduces the memory usage of the internal collections by resizing them to match their current element count.
    /// </summary>
    public void TrimExcess()
    {
        _vertices.Resize(_vertices.Count);
        _indices.Resize(_indices.Count);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Auto-compute smooth per-vertex normals.
    /// </summary>
    /// <remarks>
    /// Call this method before vertices and indices are valid.
    /// </remarks>
    public void ComputeNormal()
    {
        if (!_vertices.IsCreated || _vertices.Count < 3
            || !_indices.IsCreated || _indices.Count < 3)
        {
            return;
        }

        for (var i = 0; i < _indices.Count; i += 3)
        {
            var i0 = _indices[i];
            var i1 = _indices[i + 1];
            var i2 = _indices[i + 2];

            var v0 = _vertices[i0];
            var v1 = _vertices[i1];
            var v2 = _vertices[i2];

            var edge1 = v1.position - v0.position;
            var edge2 = v2.position - v0.position;
            var faceNormal = math.cross(edge1.xyz, edge2.xyz);

            _vertices[i0].normal.xyz += faceNormal;
            _vertices[i1].normal.xyz += faceNormal;
            _vertices[i2].normal.xyz += faceNormal;
        }

        for (var i = 0; i < _vertices.Count; i++)
        {
            _vertices[i].normal = math.normalize(_vertices[i].normal);
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Auto-compute per-vertex tangents.
    /// </summary>
    /// <remarks>
    /// Call this method before vertices, normals, and UVs are valid.
    /// </remarks>
    public void ComputeTangents()
    {
        var bitangents = new float4[_vertices.Count];

        for (var i = 0; i < _indices.Count; i += 3)
        {
            var i0 = _indices[i];
            var i1 = _indices[i + 1];
            var i2 = _indices[i + 2];

            var v0 = _vertices[i0];
            var v1 = _vertices[i1];
            var v2 = _vertices[i2];

            var uv0 = _vertices[i0].uv;
            var uv1 = _vertices[i1].uv;
            var uv2 = _vertices[i2].uv;

            var deltaPos1 = v1.position - v0.position;
            var deltaPos2 = v2.position - v0.position;
            var deltaUV1 = uv1 - uv0;
            var deltaUV2 = uv2 - uv0;

            var r = 1.0f / (deltaUV1.x * deltaUV2.y - deltaUV1.y * deltaUV2.x);
            var tangent = (deltaPos1 * deltaUV2.y - deltaPos2 * deltaUV1.y) * r;
            var bitangent = (deltaPos2 * deltaUV1.x - deltaPos1 * deltaUV2.x) * r;

            for (var j = 0; j < 3; j++)
            {
                var idx = _indices[i + j];
                var t = _vertices[idx].tangent;
                _vertices[idx].tangent.xyz = t.xyz + tangent.xyz;

                bitangents[idx] += bitangent;
            }
        }

        for (var i = 0; i < _vertices.Count; i++)
        {
            var n = _vertices[i].normal;
            var t = _vertices[i].tangent;

            var proj = n * math.dot(n, t);
            t = math.normalize(t - proj);

            var b = bitangents[i];
            var w = math.dot(math.cross(n.xyz, t.xyz), b.xyz) < 0.0f ? -1.0f : 1.0f;

            _vertices[i].tangent = new float4(t.x, t.y, t.z, w);
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Computes the bounding box of the mesh based on its vertices.
    /// </summary>
    public void ComputeBounds()
    {
        if (_vertices.Count == 0)
        {
            _boundingBox = AABB.Zero;
            return;
        }

        var min = new float3(float.MaxValue);
        var max = new float3(float.MinValue);
        foreach (var vertex in _vertices)
        {
            var pos = vertex.position.xyz;
            min = math.min(min, pos);
            max = math.max(max, pos);
        }

        _boundingBox = new AABB(min, max);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Uploads the mesh data to GPU resources.
    /// </summary>
    public unsafe void UploadMeshData()
    {
        if (VertexCount == 0 || IndexCount == 0)
        {
            return;
        }

        DisposeGpuResources();

        var vertexBufferSize = (uint)(VertexCount * sizeof(Vertex));
        var indexBufferSize = IndexCount * sizeof(int);
        _vertexBuffer = GraphicsBuffer.Create(vertexBufferSize, GraphicsBuffer.Usage.CopyDestination);
        _indexBuffer = GraphicsBuffer.Create(indexBufferSize, GraphicsBuffer.Usage.CopyDestination);

        var uploadBatch = GraphicsPipeline.UploadBatch;
        uploadBatch.Upload(_vertexBuffer.NativeResource, _vertices.AsSpan());
        uploadBatch.Upload(_indexBuffer.NativeResource, _indices.AsSpan());
        uploadBatch.Transition(_vertexBuffer.NativeResource, ResourceStates.CopyDest, ResourceStates.VertexAndConstantBuffer);
        uploadBatch.Transition(_indexBuffer.NativeResource, ResourceStates.CopyDest, ResourceStates.IndexBuffer);

        // Create bindless descriptors for vertex and index buffers
        CreateBindlessDescriptors();
    }

    internal void MarkNoLongerReadable()
    {
        _vertices.Dispose();
        _indices.Dispose();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Clears all vertex and index data and releases associated GPU resources.
    /// </summar>
    public void Clear()
    {
        _vertices.Clear();
        _indices.Clear();
        DisposeGpuResources();
    }

    private void DisposeGpuResources()
    {
        _vertexBuffer?.Dispose();
        _vertexBuffer = null;

        _indexBuffer?.Dispose();
        _indexBuffer = null;

        if (_vertexBufferDescriptor.IsValid)
        {
            RenderSystem.GraphicsEngine.DescriptorAllocator.Release(_vertexBufferDescriptor);
        }

        if (_indexBufferDescriptor.IsValid)
        {
            RenderSystem.GraphicsEngine.DescriptorAllocator.Release(_indexBufferDescriptor);
        }
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
        _vertices.Dispose();
        _indices.Dispose();
        DisposeGpuResources();

        GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
    }
}